1前言

　　通常,，我們把用來驅(qū)動1kV以上交流電動機的中,、大容量變頻器稱為高壓變頻器,。按照國際慣例和我國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn),，當(dāng)供電電壓大于或等于10kV時稱高壓,，小于10kV時稱中壓,。因此,，相應(yīng)額定電壓1～10kV的變頻器應(yīng)分別稱為中壓變頻器和高壓變頻器。但考慮到在這一電壓范圍內(nèi)的變頻器有著共同的特征,，且我們習(xí)慣上也把額定電壓為3kV或6kV的電動機稱為“高壓電機”,，因此，為簡化敘述起見,，本文也稱之為“高壓變頻器”,。

　　截止2006年底，我國發(fā)電裝機總?cè)萘恳淹黄?億kW,，為5.08億kW,。其中火電裝機約占80%，為4億kW左右,。全國年發(fā)電量已突破2萬億kWh,。而我國的能源利用率卻平均比發(fā)達國家低20%左右!

　　全國電動機裝機總?cè)萘恳堰_4億多kW,，年耗電量達12000億kWh，占全國總用電量的60%,，占工業(yè)用電量的80%;其中風(fēng)機,、水泵、壓縮機的裝機總?cè)萘恳殉^2億kW,，年耗電量達8000億kWh,，占全國總用電量的40%左右。70%以上的風(fēng)機,、水泵,、壓縮機應(yīng)調(diào)速運行，而至今僅有約5%左右調(diào)速運行,。

　　若按風(fēng)機,、水泵和壓縮機總裝機容量的50%進行調(diào)速節(jié)能改造，則可改造容量達1億kW,，其中40%為中高壓電機,，容量占60%。若按電機平均出力為 60%,，年運行4000小時,，平均節(jié)電率為20～30%(平均25%)計算，則年節(jié)電潛力為600億kWh!整個電機系統(tǒng)的節(jié)電潛力約為1000億 kWh,，改造和更新預(yù)計需投入2000～3000億元人民幣,。

　　根據(jù)國家節(jié)能計劃，我國每年應(yīng)節(jié)約和少用能源7000萬噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤,，通過基本建設(shè)項目及技術(shù)改造措施,，每年可形成約3000萬噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤的節(jié)能能力，而每形成一噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤的節(jié)能能力需投資2000元(約為開發(fā)等量能源費用的三分之一),，則每年需節(jié)能投資600億元,，“十五”期間共需3000億元人民幣， “十一五”期間將更多,。

　　由于我國經(jīng)濟的高速發(fā)展,，發(fā)電裝機仍以高速發(fā)展。但電力運行的一些主要指標(biāo)和裝備指標(biāo)與發(fā)達國家相比仍有很大差距：我國火電機組的平均煤耗為 400g/kWh,，比發(fā)達國家高出約70～100g/kWh;發(fā)達國家發(fā)電廠的廠用電率為3.7%～6%,，而我國的廠用電率為4.7%～10.5%，加之線損,，我國送到用戶的電能要比發(fā)達國家多耗電9.5%,，相當(dāng)于22000MW裝機容量，即22個百萬大廠的年發(fā)電量,。因此,，我國的節(jié)能形勢十分嚴(yán)峻!

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title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" 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title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" 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title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" 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title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" 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title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" 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title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" 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title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)" title="變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)">變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)的發(fā)展歷史及現(xiàn)狀

　　變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)涉及到電力,、電子、電工,、信息與控制等多個學(xué)科領(lǐng)域,。隨著電力電子技術(shù)、計算機技術(shù)和自動控制技術(shù)的發(fā)展,，以變頻調(diào)速為代表的近代交流調(diào)速技術(shù)有了飛速的發(fā)展,。交流變頻調(diào)速傳動克服了直流電機的缺點,，發(fā)揮了交流電機本身固有的優(yōu)點(結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,、堅固耐用、經(jīng)濟可靠,、動態(tài)響應(yīng)好等),，并且很好地解決了交流電機調(diào)速性能先天不足的問題。交流變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)以其卓越的調(diào)速性能,、顯著的節(jié)電效果以及在國民經(jīng)濟各領(lǐng)域的廣泛適用性,，而被公認(rèn)為是一種最有前途的交流調(diào)速方式，代表了電氣傳動發(fā)展的主流方向,。變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)為節(jié)能降耗,、改善控制性能、提高產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量提供了至關(guān)重要的手段,。變頻調(diào)速理論已形成較為完整的科學(xué)體系,，成為一門相對獨立的學(xué)科。

20世紀(jì)是電力電子變頻技術(shù)由誕生到發(fā)展的一個全盛時代,。最初的交流變頻調(diào)速理論誕生于20世紀(jì)20年代,，直到60年代，由于電力電子器件的發(fā)展,，才促進了變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)向?qū)嵱梅较虬l(fā)展,。70年代席卷工業(yè)發(fā)達國家的石油危機，促使他們投入大量的人力,、物力,、財力去研究高效率的變頻器，使變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)有了很大發(fā)展并得到推廣應(yīng)用,。80年代,，變頻調(diào)速已產(chǎn)品化，性能也不斷提高,，發(fā)揮了交流調(diào)速的優(yōu)越性,，廣泛地應(yīng)用于工業(yè)各部門，并且部分取代了直流調(diào)速,。進入90年代,，由于新型電力電子器件如IGBT(絕緣柵雙極型晶體管InsolatedGateBipolarTransistor),、IGCT(集成門極換流型晶閘管IntegratedGateCommutatedThyristor)等的發(fā)展及性能的提高、計算機技術(shù)的發(fā)展,，如由16位機發(fā)展到32位機以及DSP(數(shù)字信號處理器Digital　SignalProcessor)的誕生和發(fā)展(如磁場定向矢量控制,、直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制)等原因，極大地提高了變頻調(diào)速的技術(shù)性能,，促進了變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)的發(fā)展,，使變頻器在調(diào)速范圍、驅(qū)動能力,、調(diào)速精度,、動態(tài)響應(yīng)、輸出性能,、功率因數(shù),、運行效率及使用的方便性等方面大大超過了其它常規(guī)交流調(diào)速方式，其性能指標(biāo)亦已超過了直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng),，達到取代直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的地步,。目前，交流變頻調(diào)速以其優(yōu)異的性能而深受各行業(yè)的普遍歡迎,，在電力,、軋鋼、造紙,、化工,、水泥、煤炭,、紡織,、鐵路、食品,、船舶,、機床等傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)的改造中和航天航空等高新技術(shù)的發(fā)展應(yīng)用中無不看到變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)的蹤影，變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)取得了顯著的經(jīng)濟效益,。

　　變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀具有以下特點

　　(1)在功率器件方面,，近年來高電壓、大電流的SCR,、GTO,、IGBT、IGCT等器件的生產(chǎn)以及并聯(lián),、串聯(lián)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,，使高電壓、大功率變頻器產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)及應(yīng)用成為現(xiàn)實。

　　(2)在微電子技術(shù)方面,，16位,、32位高速微處理器以及DSP和ASIC(專用集成電路ApplicationSpecificIC)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，為實現(xiàn)變頻器高精度,、多功能化提供了硬件手段,。

　　(3)在控制理論方面，矢量控制,、磁通控制,、轉(zhuǎn)矩控制、智能控制等新的控制理論為研制高性能變頻器的發(fā)展提供了相關(guān)理論基礎(chǔ),。

　　(4)在產(chǎn)品化生產(chǎn)方面,，基礎(chǔ)工業(yè)和各種制造業(yè)的高速發(fā)展，促進了變頻器相關(guān)配套件的社會化,、專業(yè)化生產(chǎn),。

3國內(nèi)外高壓變頻器的分類,、比較和應(yīng)用情況

　　目前世界上的高壓變頻器不象低壓變頻器一樣具有成熟的一致性的主電路拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),，而是限于功率器件的電壓耐量和高壓使用條件的矛盾，國內(nèi)外各變頻器生產(chǎn)廠商,，采用不同的功率器件和不同的主電路拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),，以適應(yīng)不同的電壓等級和各種拖動設(shè)備的要求，因而在各項性能指標(biāo)和適用范圍上也各有差異,。

　　一般來講,，在高壓供電而功率器件耐壓能力有限的情況下，可采用將功率器件串聯(lián)的方法來解決,。但是功率器件在串聯(lián)使用時,，因為各器件的動態(tài)電阻和極間電容不同，而存在靜態(tài)均壓和動態(tài)均壓問題,。如果采用與器件并聯(lián)R和Rc的均壓措施,，會使電路復(fù)雜，損耗增加;同時,，器件的串聯(lián)對驅(qū)動電路的要求也大大提高,，要盡量做到串聯(lián)器件同時導(dǎo)通和關(guān)斷，否則由于各器件開斷時間不一致,，承受電壓不均,，會導(dǎo)致器件損壞甚至整個裝置崩潰。

　　諧波問題是所有變頻器的共同問題,，尤其在高壓大功率變頻調(diào)速中更為突出,。諧波會污染電網(wǎng)，殃及同一電網(wǎng)上的其它用電設(shè)備，甚至影響電力系統(tǒng)的正常運行;諧波也會干擾通訊和控制系統(tǒng),，嚴(yán)重時會使通訊中斷,、系統(tǒng)癱瘓;諧波電流還會使電動機損耗增加，因而發(fā)熱增加,，效率及功率因數(shù)下降,，以至不得不“降額” 使用。

　　還有效率問題,，變頻調(diào)速裝置的容量愈大,，調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的效率問題也就愈加重要。采用不同的主電路拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),，使用的功率器件的種類和數(shù)量的多少,，以及變壓器、濾波器等的使用,，都會影響系統(tǒng)的效率,。為了提高系統(tǒng)效率，必須設(shè)法盡量減少功率開關(guān)器件和變頻調(diào)速裝置的損耗,。

　　可靠性和冗余設(shè)計問題：一般的高壓大功率拖動系統(tǒng)都要求很高的系統(tǒng)可靠性,，尤其是國民經(jīng)濟的重要部門如電力、能源,、冶金,、礦山和石化等行業(yè)，一旦設(shè)備出現(xiàn)故障,，將會造成人民生命財產(chǎn)的巨大損失,。因此高壓變頻裝置設(shè)計中是否便于采用冗余設(shè)計及旁路控制功能也是至關(guān)重要的。

　　根據(jù)高壓變頻器有無直流環(huán)節(jié),，可以分為交—交變頻器和交—直—交變頻器;根據(jù)直流環(huán)節(jié)濾波元件的性質(zhì)又可以分為電流源型變頻器和電壓源型變頻器;電流源型變頻器又可以分為負(fù)載換流式晶閘管變頻器(LCI)和采用自關(guān)斷器件(GTO,、SGCT)的電流源型變頻器;電壓源型變頻器則可以分為：a)功率器件串聯(lián)二電平直接高壓變頻器，b)采用HV—IGBT,、IGCT的多電平電壓源變頻器,c)采用LV—IGBT的單元串聯(lián)多重化電壓源變頻器等,。