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● 提高光伏行業(yè)自主技術(shù)水平

● 加快電力體制改革，培育分布式光伏市場

經(jīng)過多年努力,，我國已形成了較完整的太陽能光伏制造產(chǎn)業(yè)體系,，但技術(shù)與市場主要依賴國外的狀況并未有大的改變；受全球金融危機的影響,，國際貿(mào)易保護主義的抬頭,，光伏產(chǎn)品主要依賴國際市場的狀況難以持續(xù)。

如何推動我國光伏行業(yè)走出困境,，一要著力培育國內(nèi)光伏發(fā)電市場,，建設(shè)立足國內(nèi)、面向全球的光伏制造產(chǎn)業(yè)和服務(wù)體系,；二要加強技術(shù)創(chuàng)新,，進一步提高光伏行業(yè)自主技術(shù)水平和裝備制造能力；三要加快電力體制改革,，培育分布式光伏市場,，最終形成立足國內(nèi)市場、服務(wù)全球市場的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的光伏行業(yè)體系,。

光伏發(fā)電是最有前景的新能源發(fā)電技術(shù)

太陽能是資源最豐富,、分布最廣泛的可再生能源，具有取之不盡,、用之不竭的特點,。隨著全球能源需求的增加以及化石能源消費帶來的資源枯竭和環(huán)境污染問題的日益突出，太陽能等可再生能源越來越受到全球的重視,。

近年來,，全球光伏發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅速，成為新能源發(fā)展的最亮點,，到2011年底,，全球光伏發(fā)電裝機已達到6740萬千瓦,，特別是德國的太陽能光伏發(fā)電容量已達到2470萬千瓦，光伏發(fā)電量已占到其總發(fā)電量的3%,，為全球光伏發(fā)電發(fā)展起到了重要的示范作用,。許多國際機構(gòu)研究認為，太陽能將是未來能源供應(yīng)的主體,，預(yù)估到本世紀末,，太陽能將占到全部能源消費的50%以上。

太陽能光伏發(fā)電具有十分明顯的優(yōu)勢,。一是資源豐富,，且不會枯竭，是可再生清潔能源,。特別是光伏發(fā)電過程不耗水,，光伏發(fā)電站建設(shè)不受水資源制約，可以在任何空閑土地上,、特別是可以在沙漠土地上建設(shè)光伏發(fā)電站,。二是光伏電池安裝建設(shè)簡單，裝機規(guī)模靈活,，運行管理方便,，既可以利用空曠場地進行建設(shè)，也可以與建筑結(jié)合建設(shè),，幾乎不需要進行運行維護,，開發(fā)利用的潛力很大。三是光伏發(fā)電的出力特性與用電負荷特性相吻合,，一般來講,，光伏發(fā)電在太陽光照最強的中午時段出力最大，而此時也正是用電的高峰時段,，這可以有效減輕電力系統(tǒng)的調(diào)峰壓力,，有利于優(yōu)化電力系統(tǒng)運行，節(jié)約不可再生的化石能源資源,，實現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排目標,。

太陽能光伏發(fā)電是最具發(fā)展前景的新能源發(fā)電技術(shù)，今后幾十年會不斷地發(fā)展壯大,，并最終成為人類能源的主體,。可以說誰真正掌握了光伏發(fā)電技術(shù),，誰就會掌握未來能源發(fā)展主動權(quán),。

我國光伏行業(yè)發(fā)展面臨多重困局

我國已是名副其實的光伏電池制造大國，但大多數(shù)光伏企業(yè)經(jīng)營困難,，許多企業(yè)開始虧損,，整個產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨的問題極其嚴峻,。

一是產(chǎn)能嚴重過剩。全球來看,，2011年全球電池產(chǎn)量已達到3300萬千瓦,，實際產(chǎn)能達到4500萬千瓦，產(chǎn)能過剩率超過50%,；從國內(nèi)情況來看,，2011年我國光伏電池產(chǎn)能已經(jīng)達到3500萬千瓦，已可以滿足全球光伏電池的安裝需要,。

從目前全球經(jīng)濟發(fā)展?fàn)顩r分析,，今后幾年全球光伏發(fā)電市場會有所增長，但增速不會太快,，特別是全球主要的光伏發(fā)電市場歐洲近兩年可能會有較大回落,，加之貿(mào)易保護主義的抬頭，如美國對我國光伏產(chǎn)品進行的“雙反”調(diào)查將影響我國光伏產(chǎn)品的出口,，我國光伏產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)能過剩問題將在未來一段時間內(nèi)持續(xù)存在。

二是產(chǎn)業(yè)過度依賴國外,。我國太陽能光伏行業(yè)曾是典型的“三頭在外”產(chǎn)業(yè)：一是光伏電池的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備主要從國外進口,；二是晶體硅材料主要從國外進口；三是生產(chǎn)的光伏電池產(chǎn)品主要出口國外,。近年來,，在各方面的共同努力下，我國部分企業(yè)已基本掌握了多晶硅材料的生產(chǎn)工藝,，多晶硅產(chǎn)量已滿足了我國50%光伏電池生產(chǎn)需要,，光伏電池生產(chǎn)設(shè)備的國產(chǎn)化能力也迅速提高，“三頭在外”的狀況有所改變,，但光伏電池產(chǎn)品市場在外的狀況尚未改變,，許多關(guān)鍵裝備和主要原輔材料的對外依賴度仍然很高。目前,，我國光伏電池產(chǎn)品主要出口到歐美等光伏發(fā)電站建設(shè)較多的發(fā)達地區(qū),，出口量占到我國光伏電池生產(chǎn)量的90%以上，在當(dāng)前國際光伏發(fā)電市場增長乏力和貿(mào)易保護加劇的情況下,，我國光伏行業(yè)發(fā)展遇到了較大的困難,。我國光伏電池生產(chǎn)所需的主要制造裝備——如薄膜電池生產(chǎn)線、高純多晶硅生產(chǎn)的氫化爐,、四氯化硅閉環(huán)回收裝置,、大尺寸鑄錠爐、多線切割機,、PECVD鍍膜設(shè)備,、自動絲網(wǎng)印刷機,、自動電焊機等都主要依賴進口。光伏電池生產(chǎn)所需要的主要原材料,，如高純多晶硅,、銀漿、EVA用高分子樹脂,、切割液等的對外依賴度很高,，如2010年和2011年高純多晶硅進口數(shù)量分別為4.75萬噸和6.48萬噸。

三是與國際先進水平相比,，我國大部分晶體硅生產(chǎn)工藝性能仍有差距,，生產(chǎn)成本明顯偏高，市場競爭力不強,。比如,，目前國際多晶硅市場價格已由2010年的每公斤50～90美元下降到20～30美元，降幅超過60%,，而我國大部分多晶硅生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)成本均明顯高于這個價格,，很難在國際市場的競爭中生存。