比利時數(shù)據(jù)安全審查制度評鑒
網(wǎng)絡安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理
趙麗莉1,勞鑫鑫2
1.山東科技大學數(shù)字法治研究院；2.山東科技大學知識產(chǎn)權學院
摘要： 為降低數(shù)據(jù)安全風險和提高數(shù)據(jù)流通效率，數(shù)據(jù)安全審查制度應運而生。基于歐盟數(shù)據(jù)保護規(guī)則基礎，比利時確立了相應的數(shù)據(jù)安全審查制度，特別是優(yōu)先監(jiān)管特定行業(yè)、實施嚴格的應急處理機制、要求數(shù)據(jù)保護官的本地化、加強對關鍵基礎設施數(shù)據(jù)的保護等內容，但其依然面臨數(shù)據(jù)保護資源和數(shù)據(jù)審查執(zhí)行實踐不足、部門協(xié)同性有限、數(shù)據(jù)安全風險評估標準和監(jiān)督缺失、中小企業(yè)合規(guī)負擔增加等實施困境。有鑒于此，我國在推進數(shù)據(jù)安全審查制度建設方面，應重視完善數(shù)據(jù)安全審查規(guī)則、提升數(shù)據(jù)安全審查機構的獨立性、創(chuàng)新企業(yè)監(jiān)管方式等建議，促進我國數(shù)據(jù)安全治理和數(shù)字經(jīng)濟高質量發(fā)展。
中圖分類號：D912.1文獻標識碼：ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2025.05.007
引用格式：趙麗莉,勞鑫鑫. 比利時數(shù)據(jù)安全審查制度評鑒［J］.網(wǎng)絡安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理，2025，44（5）：42-48.
引用格式：趙麗莉,勞鑫鑫. 比利時數(shù)據(jù)安全審查制度評鑒［J］.網(wǎng)絡安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理，2025，44（5）：42-48.
Review of the data security review system in Belgium
Zhao Lili1, Lao Xinxin2
1.Digital Rule of Law Research Institute, Shandong University of Science and Technology; 2. Intellectual Property College, Shandong University of Science and Technology
Abstract： In order to reduce the data security risks and improve the efficiency of data circulation, the data security review system came into being. Based on the European Union data protection rules, Belgium has established the corresponding data security review system, especially in terms of prioritizing the supervision of specific industries, implementing strict emergency handling mechanism, requiring the localization of data protection officers, strengthening the protection of key infrastructure data, but it still faces implementation dilemmas that data protection resources and data review implementation practices are insufficient, collaboration is limited, data security risk assessment standards and supervision are lacking, compliance burden of small and medium-sized enterprises has increased. In view of this, in promoting the construction of data security review system in China, we should pay attention to suggestions such as improving the data security review rules, improving the independence of data security review institutions, and innovating enterprise supervision methods, to promote the high-quality development of China′s data security governance and the digital economy.
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引言
在大數(shù)據(jù)時代，從數(shù)據(jù)的概念來看，數(shù)據(jù)自身就天然帶有公共屬性，有學者直言“數(shù)據(jù)作為天然的公共品服從固有的互惠分享的原理”［1］，這里的數(shù)據(jù)并不區(qū)分掌握在何種主體手里。就個人數(shù)據(jù)而言，在大數(shù)據(jù)時代也不再只作為一種絕對的財產(chǎn)權或人格權對象而出現(xiàn)［2］，而是具有了“公共性”。由此可見，數(shù)據(jù)的公共性和流動性決定了數(shù)據(jù)保護的必要性［3］。然而，當數(shù)據(jù)安全影響著國家安全和個人信息安全，數(shù)據(jù)安全審查應運而生。
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作者信息：
趙麗莉1,勞鑫鑫2
（1.山東科技大學數(shù)字法治研究院,山東青島266590；
2.山東科技大學知識產(chǎn)權學院，山東青島266590）
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